STANAG 3910

STANAG 3910

The desire to increase the transmission rate from 1Mbit/sec motivated the evolution of STANAG 3910 which is able to provide 20M bit/sec Data rate.

Its has capacity to transmits 132 blocks of 32 words which includes 4096 words. whereas MIL-STD-1553B has only capacity to send 32 words.

It has 31 remote terminal as MIL-STD-1153B has.

its can be interface with MIL-STD-1553B by using starter coupler. A bus controller encodes the instructions by Manchester Encoding

MONO PULSE TRACKING

MONO PULSE TRACKING

Mono pulse tracking technique is the most preferred technique which determines on the basis RETURNS PULSE rather than beam sequences such a Sequential lobing and Conical Scan.

What a Navigation

n The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) has had 

extraordinary success in reducing the risk of mid-air collisions. Now mandated on 

all large transport aircraft, TCAS has been in operation for more than a decade 

and has prevented several catastrophic accidents. TCAS is a unique decision 

support system in the sense that it has been widely deployed (on more than 

25,000 aircraft worldwide) and is continuously exposed to a high-tempo, complex 

air traffic system. TCAS is the product of carefully balancing and integrating 

sensor characteristics, tracker and aircraft dynamics, maneuver coordination, 

operational constraints, and human factors in time-critical situations. Missed 

or late threat detections can lead to collisions, and false alarms may cause pilots 

to lose trust in the system and ignore alerts, underscoring the need for a robust 

system design. Building on prior experience, Lincoln Laboratory recently 

examined potential improvements to the TCAS algorithms and monitored 

TCAS activity in the Boston area. Now the Laboratory is pursuing new collision 

avoidance technologies for unmanned aircraft.

WOOOO HOOOO RADAR PROJECT 25/25

WOOO HOOOO Got 25/25 in Radar Project

Avivoncs System

One of the important avionics structures is Electronic Combat

Electronic Combats is the four elements Structure which are as followed:

1)Electronic Warfare (EW)

2) SEAD

3) FEBA

4)C4 ICM

Radar is an Electromagnetic system for detecting and locating reflecting objects such as aircraft,ships,spacecraft,vehicles,people and natural environment.Radars system is such a classic system that includes all domain of electronics engineering  control system such as

•Electromagnetic
•Analog & Digital Electronics•Analog & Digital Communication•Microwave & Radiating Systems•Transmitters & Receivers •Signals &Data processing•Control Systems•Information & Detection Theory

The Basic Concept of Radar:

My Air Craft for Modifications

Something about my Aircraft B-737-400

Crew 2

Passengers 146 / 159, max. 189

Propulsion 2 Turbofan Engines

Engine Model CFM Intl. CFM56-3B2, CFM56-3C

Engine Power (each) 98 / 105 kN 22000 / 23500 lbf

Speed 933 km/h 504 kts

580 mph

Mmo (max. Mach) Mach 0.82

Service Ceiling 11.278 m 37.000 ft

Range 5.186 km 2.800 NM 3.222 mi.

Empty Weight 33.650 kg 74.185 lbs

max. Takeoff Weight 68.039 kg 150.000 lbs

max. Landing Weight 56.246 kg 124.000 lbs

Wing Span 28,88 m 94,8 ft

Wing Area 105,4 m² 1135 ft²

Length 36,40 m 119,4 ft

Height 11,07 m 36,3 ft

First Flight 19.02.1988

Production Range 1988-2000

Total Production 486

Courtesy of British Airways

Instrument Landing System ( ILS) (A synopsis)

Instrument Landing System ( ILS)

1. ILS is the only Navigational Aid for Landing and final Approach having two transmitters installed at far end of the Runway.This is system that uses VHF & UHF radio waves. ILS has been in usage since 1946.This is only because of ILS system that today the AFCS has been very efficient even during automatic landing.
2. Unlike ILS the VOR,ADF and DME are the navigational aid for airway or air route.
3. The two subsystems of ILS systems are (1) Localizer (LOC) (2) Glide Slope (GS)

Localiser

The horizontal navigational aid for landing of and air craft is called localiser that sets the plane aligned with the center line of the runway.

The localizer transmits VHF with frequency range of 108-112 MHz with increment of 0.5 MHz.

The Localiser transmits two lobs let & right with 90 Hz & 150 Hz.The lobs cut each other or extended center line of the runway.the localiser have also there morse code.the lobs as shown as under:

Glide Slope

The vertical navigational aid for landing is called glide slope(GS).Glide Slope transmit UHF of 328.6 - 335 Mhz.The glide slope frequency is automatically set when the crew tune the frequency of localier.

Marker Beacons

In Instruments landing system the visual and audible cues to the crew are provided by an other very important navigational aid that is called "MARKER BEACONS".The marker beacons are sites at two or three distances on the extended center lines of the runway and provides the NavAid to confirm the crew of progress.They transmit 75 Mhz with there unique morse code with 3-4 W of power. The marker beacons are divided in to three categories such as (1) Outer Marker (2) Middle Marker  (3) Inner Marker

(1) Outer Marker (OM): the outer marker is sited at 4 - 7 miles from runway thresholds.It Transmit dash dash(- -) morse code by operating at frequency of 400 Hz.When the aircraft approaches at Outer marker the Cyan light in on on ILS instrument and the OM icons gets high on the display.

(2) Middle Marker (MM): the milddle marker is sited at 3500 ft from runway thresholds.It Transmit alternating dash dot(- .) morse code by operating at frequency of 1300 Hz.When the aircraft approaches at Outer marker the Yellow light in on on ILS instrument and the MM icons gets high on the display.

 (3) Inner Marker (MM): the inner marker is sited at 2000 ft from runway thresholds.It Transmit dot dot(..) morse code by operating at frequency of 3000 Hz.When the aircraft approaches at Outer marker the White light in on on ILS instrument and the IM icons gets high on the display. 

MIL-STD-1553

Something About MIL-STD-1553......
1)Its a Military Standard of Aviation Data Bus Its used to Interface different components ,modules with commons data bus.

2)MIL-STD-1553B defines the term Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) as 
“the transmission of information from several signal sources through one 
communications system with different signal samples staggered in time to 
form a composite pulse train.”

3)Data Rate 1 MHz 
Word Length 20 bits 
Data Bits / Word 16 bits 
Message Length Maximum of 32 data words 
Transmission Technique Half-duplex 
Operation Asynchronous 
Encoding Manchester II bi-phase 
Protocol Command/response 
Bus Control Single or Multiple 
Fault Tolerance Typically Dual Redundant, second 
bus in “Hot Backup” status 
Message Formats Controller to terminal 
Terminal to controller 
Terminal to terminal 
Broadcast 
System control 
Number of Remote Terminals Maximum of 31 
Terminal Types Remote terminal 
Bus controller 
Bus monitor 
Transmission Media Twisted shielded pair 
Coupling Transformer and direct 

Courses Domains in Radar
Following are the domain of Coursers covered in Radar System Communication.
1)Electromagnetic waves
2)Microwave and radiating system
3)Signals & Systems
4)Analogue and Digital Communication/ Electronics
5)Control System

Did you know!!!!!!!!!

* Full Form of RADAR  is Radio Detection and Ranging.
*Radar is uses to detect object,its range,altitude and speed by using Radio waves.
* Its was secretly developed before and during World War II.